RESUMO
This note analyzes the association between media exposure and reproductive behavior in 48 developing countries. A summary of part of a more extensive Demographic and Health Surveys report, it shows strong connections between media exposure and the use of modern contraception, the number of children desired, and recent fertility. Television viewing is particularly important; it is assumed to expose viewers to aspects of modern life that compete with traditional attitudes toward the family and is associated with greater use of modern contraceptive methods, with a desire for fewer children, and with lower fertility. These relationships are particularly noteworthy because the data measure only the frequency of media exposure with no information about its content.
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais , Características da Família , Rádio , Comportamento Reprodutivo , Televisão , Anticoncepcionais/economia , Anticoncepcionais/história , Países em Desenvolvimento/economia , Países em Desenvolvimento/história , Características da Família/etnologia , Características da Família/história , Fertilidade , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Rádio/economia , Rádio/história , Comportamento Reprodutivo/etnologia , Comportamento Reprodutivo/história , Comportamento Reprodutivo/fisiologia , Comportamento Reprodutivo/psicologia , Televisão/economia , Televisão/históriaRESUMO
Over the past five to ten years, the proportion of women who report recent sexual activity has declined in twelve countries in southern and eastern Africa, but not in most of eleven countries in West Africa. Although concentrated among unmarried women, slight declines are evident among married women and across most ages. Although it is difficult to prove, the most likely explanation is the higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS in southern and eastern Africa.
Assuntos
Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , África Subsaariana/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Estado Civil , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de RiscoAssuntos
Estado Civil , Casamento , Divórcio , Pessoa Solteira , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Escolaridade , América Latina , Região do CaribeAssuntos
Anticoncepção , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Cooperação Internacional , Internacionalidade , Controle da População , Direitos da Mulher , Aborto Induzido , Coerção , Países em Desenvolvimento , Ecologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pobreza , Política Pública , Esterilização Reprodutiva , Mulheres , Serviços de Saúde da MulherRESUMO
This report analyzes and compares reproductive preferences in the 28 countries included in the first phase of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program. Comparisons with data collected by the World Fertility Survey (WFS) conducted a decade earlier allow us to trace recent trends in some of these preferences. First, fertility norms are examined, that is, the desired or ideal number of children. Then the report looks at reproductive intentions, in particular the proportion of women who want no more children, and some of the associated demographic and social factors. Next, spacing intentions are analyzed and an attempt is made to infer the preferred lenght of the next birth interval. Based on this information on reproductive preferences, desired fertility rates are then estimated, which are of special importance to an assessment of demographic implications. The report concludes by forecasting total fertility rates for each of the countries over the next five years. These forecasts are based on earlier research linking reproductive intentions with conraceptive prevalence and total fertility rates
